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| 00:01:21 | >> When things rot,
they usually do so in the dark.
|
| 00:01:26 | America's massive
underground system
of drinking water pipes
is no exception.
|
| 00:01:31 | Nationwide,
800,000 miles of pipes
are literally bursting apart.
|
| 00:01:37 | Such breaks
are not only wasteful,
they're deadly.
|
| 00:01:50 | Imagine driving to work
one morning and all of a sudden
..
|
| 00:01:56 | Becomes this.
|
| 00:01:57 | It happened to sharon schoem,
caught in a flood
in suburban maryland
one tuesday afternoon in 2008,
two days before christmas.
|
| 00:02:07 | This raging torrent
on a commuter highway
was the result
of a water main break,
in this case,
a break in a 66-inch pipe.
|
| 00:02:18 | >> The water started
just furiously
hitting against the car
and actually moving my car,
and it just totally
just freaked me out
because everything
was going over the windshield,
rocks were hitting it,
boulders were hitting it,
parts of trees.
|
| 00:02:34 | >> If that had happened
at seven in the morning
on a regular workday,
lord knows how many people
could've been killed.
|
| 00:02:41 | >> One minute, water was flowing
through a huge water main
to residents just like
it's supposed to.
|
| 00:02:47 | And the next minute,
there was a huge break
that's causing a flood
on the road.
|
| 00:02:52 | >> The pipes that carry
america's drinking water
are old,
especially in rustbelt cities
east of the mississippi.
|
| 00:03:00 | Age, coupled
with a lack of maintenance
results in pipes
that are clogged, corroded
and riddled with leaks.
|
| 00:03:07 | Nationwide, an estimated
240,000 water mains break
in the u.s. each year.
|
| 00:03:15 | >> No maintenance was done.
|
| 00:03:16 | No upgrade, no rehabilitation.
|
| 00:03:18 | So a point has come,
this is an aging infrastructure
and it's falling apart.
|
| 00:03:23 | It's crumbling.
|
| 00:03:29 | >> Overall, water pipes
leak
six billion gallons
of drinking water a day,
enough to quench the thirst
of the entire state
of california.
|
| 00:03:41 | New york city loses 10%
of its water in leaks.
|
| 00:03:45 | Atlanta loses 14%,
buffalo loses 40%.
|
| 00:03:51 | And the numbers are likely
to shoot up exponentially
as the whole system succumbs
to old age.
|
| 00:04:00 | >> Each city is sitting
on the time bomb.
|
| 00:04:01 | They don't know which pipe
is going to break when.
|
| 00:04:05 | >> We're frankly not prepared
for these kind
of infrastructure breakdowns.
|
| 00:04:11 | We do expect it to happen
in third-world countries,
not in montgomery county,
maryland.
|
| 00:04:15 | >> Montgomery county,
an affluent suburb
,
has some of the oldest
and leakiest pipes
in the country.
|
| 00:04:24 | The river road break
was the most traumatic,
but there have been
countless others,
4,000 breaks in two years.
|
| 00:04:33 | >> We had 477 breaks
in one month.
|
| 00:04:36 | We were hopping, we were moving.
|
| 00:04:39 | We couldn't get enough people
out to repair
all these water main breaks.
|
| 00:04:44 | It was crazy.
|
| 00:04:46 | >> Most of montgomery county's
breaks occur in winter.
|
| 00:04:49 | Aging pipes have a hard time
handling cold weather.
|
| 00:04:53 | The freeze-thaw cycle
stretches and weakness iron,
copper and other metals.
|
| 00:04:59 | Heavy vehicles meanwhile,
vibrate the pipes,
and increase the likelihood
of a break.
|
| 00:05:06 | Pipes also suffer from a process
called tuberculation.
|
| 00:05:11 | Clumps of rust
and other byproducts
of corrosion known as tubercules
build up over time,
trapping tiny solids
and microbiological growths
as they pass by in the water.
|
| 00:05:23 | After 40 years, the buildup
can completely choke off
an 8-inch diameter pipe
and force a break.
|
| 00:05:30 | That's bad, not just
because water leaks out,
but because contaminants
can get in.
|
| 00:05:37 | Maryland authorities issued
two boil water advisories
in 2008.
|
| 00:05:42 | Atlanta, sarasota,
and other cities
have had to do the same.
|
| 00:05:46 | >> It's something that we don't
generally think about,
of having to boil water,
but it's something
that may happen more often.
|
| 00:05:53 | >> Water-borne diseases
will come back.
|
| 00:05:55 | Cholera, typhoid.
|
| 00:05:57 | So people have to die
before this becomes
a national agenda.
|
| 00:06:03 | >> People have already died
because of microbes
in the drinking water.
|
| 00:06:08 | In 1993, a parasite
called cryptosporidium
got into the water supply
in milwaukee.
|
| 00:06:15 | One of the city's
filtration plants was unable
to screen it out.
|
| 00:06:19 | And the organism, which lives
in the fecal matter of animals,
spawned the largest
water borne disease outbreak
ever documented in the u.s.
|
| 00:06:28 | 400,000 People,
a quarter of the city,
became sick.
|
| 00:06:33 | At least 100 people died.
|
| 00:06:39 | There's another way
in which leaky pipes can kill.
|
| 00:06:42 | The same drinking water pipes
that carry water
into homes and businesses
deliver it to fire hydrants,
but leaks knock down
water flow and pressure
in the pipes.
|
| 00:06:53 | And without sufficient water
and/or pressure,
hydrants won't work.
|
| 00:06:58 | Two fires that raged
out of control
in 2007
raised fears about just that.
|
| 00:07:06 | >> Flames were coming
through the roof.
|
| 00:07:08 | They made the connection
to the first fire hydrant
and it failed.
|
| 00:07:11 | They disconnected their hose,
drove to the next fire hydrant
and you guessed it,
the same thing occurred again.
|
| 00:07:19 | >> We try to inspect
up to 40-50 hydrants a day.
|
| 00:07:22 | Maybe 20% of those
are out of service.
|
| 00:07:24 | >> When we send soldiers
off to war,
their weapons have to fire.
|
| 00:07:28 | When we send fire fighters
into what I'm gonna call warfare
in their communities,
that nozzle has to work,
water has to flow
or the blood
of those firefighters
are on my hands.
|
| 00:07:40 | They'll be a heck of a price
to pay
if we don't get that system
caught up nationwide.
|
| 00:07:46 | >> This hydrant itself
is not adequate
right on the capital grounds
to fight fire
if a fire should break out
in one of these buildings
close to the capital.
|
| 00:07:54 | >> New york city
also has a potentially
devastating problem
with its drinking water
infrastructure.
|
| 00:08:02 | >> America's largest metropolis
2 billion gallons
of water a day.
|
| 00:08:09 | That water comes to new york
by way of a system of aqueducts
that carry it
from lakes and rivers
more than 100 miles away.
|
| 00:08:18 | The aqueducts
are mostly underground
and one of them,
the 85 mile long
delaware aqueduct,
is the longest continuous tunnel
in the world.
|
| 00:08:27 | 5 feet in diameter,
between 300 and 1,500 feet
in the ground and 70 years old.
|
| 00:08:37 | >> You have, maybe,
the best water supply system
for any city
anywhere on the planet.
|
| 00:08:43 | It's not pumped,
it just flows naturally
by gravity from its origins
under the hudson river,
south into the city of new york.
|
| 00:08:52 | But eventually
it's going to begin to decline
and begin even to fall apart.
|
| 00:09:01 | >> The delaware aqueduct
is leaking massively.
|
| 00:09:05 | Every day, the giant pipeline
pours between 10
and 36 million gallons of water
into the earth around it,
mostly through a pair of cracks
that have developed
in a geologically
stressed section of the tunnel.
|
| 00:09:20 | >> The pipe has eroded
to a point where
it can no longer support
the movement of that water.
|
| 00:09:25 | There are communities
that are around that pipe
and literally
they're flooding from underneath
and the result is here
that they're sinking
into the ground.
|
| 00:09:36 | >> The loss of those
36 million gallons
is not regarded too seriously
by the recipients of the water,
by the government
of new york city
because in the context
of the huge water supply,
it isn't that much.
|
| 00:09:49 | But the fact of the matter
is that it's having
a very negative effect
on the lives of people
living here in the community.
|
| 00:09:58 | >> We know for certain
that some water
reaches the surface.
|
| 00:10:01 | How much of an impact that has
on the individual properties,
I mean, we're anxious
to find that out.
|
| 00:10:07 | >> Much of the leaking water
appears to be bubbling
to the surface
in wawarsing, new york,
a small town
one and a half hours
north of new york city.
|
| 00:10:17 | It has the bad luck
to be situated just above
one of the pipe's massive leaks.
|
| 00:10:23 | The water seeps upwards
through limestone rock and soil,
through a process
known as capillarity.
|
| 00:10:30 | Surface tension,
the tendency of a liquid
to be attracted
to another surface
causes the water to rise up
against the flow of gravity
through pores
and other narrow openings
in the earth.
|
| 00:10:42 | Some 50 homes and families
have been hard hit
by a host of seepage problems.
|
| 00:10:48 | >> The house could
fall down tomorrow.
|
| 00:10:49 | >> Yeah, we don't know
what our foundations are like,
the water comes
right up through the floor
like a faucet.
|
| 00:10:54 | >> The yard is sinking,
so next is the house,
what's going to happen,
who knows?
|
| 00:10:57 | >> This is the hole
that I fell into.
|
| 00:10:59 | Had I taken maybe
another step or two,
they would've had to dig me out.
|
| 00:11:04 | >> We have everything
up on stilts.
|
| 00:11:06 | >> Because the water level
will get up that high.
|
| 00:11:08 | >> One year,
it was way up to here,
it was much higher.
|
| 00:11:11 | >> That's--it's really bad.
|
| 00:11:12 | >> It's a nightmare.
|
| 00:11:14 | >> It is a nightmare.
|
| 00:11:17 | >> In addition
to flooded basements
and sinkholes,
wawarsing residents
have also had problems
with their drinking water.
|
| 00:11:24 | Water moving through the ground
is hazardous,
especially in communities
with drinking water wells
and septic tanks.
|
| 00:11:32 | Groundwater can move
through the septic tanks
and carry fecal matter
and other contaminants
into the wells,
creating the ultimate
water nightmare,
e. coli coming out of the tap.
|
| 00:11:46 | >> We use bottled water
for just about everything
you can imagine
you need water for.
|
| 00:11:50 | You know, washing your face
in the morning,
brushing your teeth,
rinsing your produce with,
cooking your food
and even taking a shower.
|
| 00:12:02 | >> The delaware aqueduct
WAS BUILT IN THE 1930s AND 40s
And rushed into service
during world war ii
when high-grade materials
were scarce.
|
| 00:12:12 | >> During construction,
groundwater seeped so heavily
into the section
under wawarsing,
that engineers had to line
the aqueduct with steel
and seal it with concrete.
|
| 00:12:23 | >> The tunnel went
through a limestone fault
at that spot,
and it's not surprising
that now we're faced with--
with leakage.
|
| 00:12:31 | >> A full inspection
of the tunnel
is currently impossible.
|
| 00:12:35 | The delaware water tunnel
hasn't been shut down
for inspection since 1957
because engineers fear
it could collapse
without the pressure of water
surging through the system.
|
| 00:12:47 | But planning is underway
for an eventual shutdown.
|
| 00:12:51 | New york's department
of environmental protection
recently sent divers
into a water release shaft
adjacent to the aqueduct
to see what's in store.
|
| 00:13:01 | The state is still years away
from beginning to fix
the delaware leaks,
which will take at least
five more years to complete.
|
| 00:13:09 | Meanwhile, new yorkers
and the people of wawarsing
live with the possibility
the leaks could get worse.
|
| 00:13:16 | >> Worst-case scenario here
in the town of wawarsing
would be a total collapse
of the aqueduct.
|
| 00:13:23 | And an unfathomable amount
of water making its way
to the surface would completely
engulf this community.
|
| 00:13:33 | >> Nationwide, communities
are already confronting
horrifying
infrastructure breakdowns
on a different front.
|
| 00:13:42 | >> The road system
that we've come to depend on,
the road system
that we built our wealth on
and our power on
is falling apart--
literally falling apart.
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>> america's roads
and highways,
once the gold standard
for the rest of the world,
are cracked, cratered
and endlessly scarred.
|
| 00:17:53 | Long a source of national pride,
the nation's transportation
infrastructure is approaching
a point where drivers
may increasingly have to worry
about something like this.
|
| 00:18:12 | A crack appears
on one of the supports
holding up a heavily trafficked
stretch of interstate.
|
| 00:18:20 | The crack deepens
and suddenly the pier collapses.
|
| 00:18:30 | Elevated highway
and the cars above
crash 25 feet
to the street below.
|
| 00:18:39 | What you just saw
nearly happened
on march 18, 2008
on interstate 95, just outside
downtown philadelphia.
|
| 00:18:49 | A worker on a lunch break
noticed an two-inch wide crack
on a pier
supporting the interstate
and authorities immediately
shut it down.
|
| 00:19:00 | >> It's possible that that crack
wouldn't have been discovered,
it was this big,
it wouldn't have been discovered
until it was that big
and there was a collapse of a--
a bridge on i-95.
|
| 00:19:09 | You can imagine what a collapse
of a bridge on i-95 would do.
|
| 00:19:13 | >> One bad pier
would've been enough
to take down the i-95,
but the pier
had plenty of company.
|
| 00:19:23 | >> This is pretty extreme,
you actually have a hole
right through the beam
where over the years,
the steel has rusted away
and now you have
a five-inch high hole
in the bottom of the beam.
|
| 00:19:36 | It's something
you did not want to see.
|
| 00:19:40 | >> America's roads and highways
are heading for a crash.
|
| 00:19:44 | Built to last 50 years,
2/3 of our busiest roads
are now 40 years old or older.
|
| 00:19:52 | 33 Percent of our major highways
are in poor
or mediocre condition.
|
| 00:19:57 | Federal, state
and local governments
haven't spent the hundreds
of billions of dollars needed
for maintenance and repair.
|
| 00:20:05 | Michigan, birthplace
auto industry
is so hard pressed,
it's allowing some secondary
roads to return to gravel.
|
| 00:20:14 | Local streets and even freeways
are riddled with potholes
and cracks.
|
| 00:20:22 | >> We have
an aging infrastructure
and we have more demand
being applied to it.
|
| 00:20:27 | This is the formula
for disaster.
|
| 00:20:29 | The road system
that we've come to depend on,
the road system
that we built our wealth on
and our power on
is falling apart.
|
| 00:20:36 | It's literally falling apart.
|
| 00:20:38 | Roads are critical
to any society's infrastructure
and a precondition
for economic growth.
|
| 00:20:47 | >> If you look at the romans,
they built roads and aqueducts,
and they ruled the known world
as a result.
|
| 00:20:54 | Our roads are really
what makes it possible
for economic commerce to happen.
|
| 00:20:57 | still has
the most extensive road system
in the world,
four million miles of road,
enough to circle the planet
160 times.
|
| 00:21:08 | 47,000 Miles of those roads
are interstate.
|
| 00:21:13 | The interstate is one
of america's greatest
infrastructure achievements,
a spectacular project
that helped create and express
the united states' status
as a superpower.
|
| 00:21:24 | While design plans
had been around
for at least a decade,
president dwight eisenhower
championed the system
IN THE 1950s
After watching the germans
deploy tanks and troops
on the autobahn
during the second world war.
|
| 00:21:38 | The war gave new urgency
to developing roads
as an efficient way
to transport soldiers
and vehicles in an emergency.
|
| 00:21:46 | Begun in 1956,
the interstate was the largest
earth moving project
of all time,
bigger than the pyramids
or the great wall of china.
|
| 00:21:56 | 6 Billion tons of asphalt,
concrete and other materials
went into its construction.
|
| 00:22:03 | That's three times
the combined weight
of every person on the planet.
|
| 00:22:08 | The highway system
played a critical role
in tying america together.
|
| 00:22:13 | A little over 50 years later,
it's in decline
and holding america back.
|
| 00:22:19 | >> The interstate system
is dying the death
of a thousand cuts.
|
| 00:22:22 | It is the top of the food chain
of transportation
in our country,
but it's weakening
at every corner, every turn,
it's breaking down faster
than any other part
of the system.
|
| 00:22:35 | louis
is a prime example.
|
| 00:22:39 | It's the main east-west route
through the city and it carries
130,000 vehicles a day.
|
| 00:22:45 | But the i-64 is so worn out
and dangerous
that missouri has had
to shut it down
and is rebuilding
one ten-mile stretch
from scratch.
|
| 00:22:56 | >> There is really
no more patches
that could be added to it.
|
| 00:23:00 | It needs to be
completely replaced.
|
| 00:23:04 | Here we've got a hole
in the bridge deck,
you can actually see the traffic
moving underneath us here.
|
| 00:23:09 | And this is, you know,
rocks dropping down on people
driving past-- and this is only
gonna get worse.
|
| 00:23:16 | >> As with bridges,
holes are formed
on the interstate
and other roads when water seeps
into small cracks
in the concrete and corrodes
the reinforcing steel inside.
|
| 00:23:26 | As the steel starts to rust,
the buildup puts pressure
on the concrete,
deepening cracks
and creating potholes.
|
| 00:23:34 | Maintenance and good drainage
are critical for roads.
|
| 00:23:38 | Drainage on the i-64 was so bad
that it not only let water
into the concrete,
it allowed it to pool
on the road itself.
|
| 00:23:51 | >> At the speeds
that you're traveling
on an interstate,
you hit a pond of water
like you see out here,
you're in pretty much
out of control.
|
| 00:23:59 | >> Across the country,
decades of neglect have created
a backlog of problems
that's now too big
for any state budget to handle
and reduced
state transportation officials
to a russian roulette approach
to highway rehab
known as patch and pray.
|
| 00:24:17 | >> Patch and pray means
fix something and fix it
as best as you can,
but not as good as you should.
|
| 00:24:24 | Patch it together and then pray
that nothing goes wrong.
|
| 00:24:27 | >> As roads are breaking down,
gridlock is getting worse.
|
| 00:24:35 | Americans drive
three trillion miles a year,
a 500% increase since 1955.
|
| 00:24:42 | City drivers average
44 hours a year
stalled in traffic.
|
| 00:24:47 | And for truckers
on busy corridors,
the slowdowns are even worse.
|
| 00:24:51 | In the global economy,
speed is everything.
|
| 00:24:55 | And while we're stuck
in the slow lane,
the rest of the world
is speeding up.
|
| 00:25:00 | >> China is killing us
in the movement of goods.
|
| 00:25:03 | And the movement of goods
is one of the things
that determines where people
are gonna set up factories,
where are they're gonna set up
distribution centers.
|
| 00:25:11 | >> In the next 10-20 years,
we're gonna see
a doubling of truck traffic
that is going to literally
seize up the flow of commerce.
|
| 00:25:19 | We're looking at commerce
traveling at about
the same rate it was before
the interstate system was built.
|
| 00:25:24 | >> You get what you pay for.
|
| 00:25:26 | It's not spending,
it's investing
in our future when we
build up our assets,
build up our roads, our bridges,
our highways,
our transit systems,
our rail systems, our airports.
|
| 00:25:36 | We're rebuilding
america's assets.
|
| 00:25:39 | And it's only gonna
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| 00:29:46 | >> This neighborhood
louis looks like
a battle zone.
|
| 00:29:50 | But the smoke rising
from the ground
isn't coming from a fire,
it's from a test performed
to identify leaks
in the city's sewer system.
|
| 00:30:01 | Like every american metropolis,
louis has its share
of infrastructure challenges.
|
| 00:30:08 | This smoke test
is pinpointing dozens,
if not hundreds of cracks
in the city's sewers.
|
| 00:30:15 | Nationwide, the united states
has more than one million miles
of sewage pipes,
with an average age of over 50.
|
| 00:30:23 | And much of that vast system
consists of heavily leaking
pipes like these.
|
| 00:30:28 | >> We're essentially literally
putting ourselves at risk
of having muck rise up
into our homes
or rise into our streets
and damage
our environment around us.
|
| 00:30:38 | >> It's a big problem
because of the invisible nature
of this infrastructure.
|
| 00:30:42 | It's most of the time
is buried under the ground.
|
| 00:30:47 | >> This is what
our sewage pipes look like
from the inside.
|
| 00:30:52 | >> 18 Feet,
we have a break in service.
|
| 00:30:56 | >> Sewage pipes have a couple
of endemic problems.
|
| 00:30:59 | For one thing, raw waste
is rougher on pipes
than drinking water.
|
| 00:31:03 | It contains hydrogen sulfide,
a form of sulfuric acid
that concentrates in the pipes
and eats away concrete
and steel.
|
| 00:31:12 | Also, sewage pipes, unlike those
that carry drinking water
are frequently not pressurized,
which means it's easier
for dirty groundwater, silt,
plants and even tree roots
to seep in through cracks
and create blocks.
|
| 00:31:28 | If cracks are rampant,
water infiltration
can overwhelm pipes
during a heavy rainstorm
and contribute
to backups in homes.
|
| 00:31:37 | >> Raw sewage is about
a big as the nightmares
what you think it could be.
|
| 00:31:41 | Imagine if you can,
just walking into devastation
as foul as a stench
that you know
they would actually
cut your stomach,
that's what it's to deal with.
|
| 00:31:52 | >> Many american cities
have one set of pipes
to handle sewage
and another for storm water.
|
| 00:31:59 | But too many places
louis are burdened
with an outdated
combined sewer system
that funnels rainwater
and sewage into the same pipes.
|
| 00:32:08 | Such systems
are easily overwhelmed
and spew millions of gallons
of untreated waste
into local rivers and streams.
|
| 00:32:21 | >> We're standing
a couple of dozen feet
underneath the streets
louis,
standing right in a sewer
that was built
over 80 years ago.
|
| 00:32:29 | We see the one side
as storm water
that comes from the streets
and sidewalks above
and on the other side of us
it's waste water that comes
from area homes and businesses.
|
| 00:32:37 | And this is how
a combined sewer operates.
|
| 00:32:40 | You have storm water
and waste water
going through the same pipe.
|
| 00:32:44 | >> This sludge is supposed to go
to a treatment plant,
louis system
frequently maxes out
when it rains.
|
| 00:32:52 | The overflow of human waste
mixed with rainwater
pours into local waterways,
like maline creek and then
into the mississippi river
one thousand feet away.
|
| 00:33:04 | >> There are hundreds
of different bacterias
that could be in the water--
parasites, tapeworms,
ringworms, hookworms.
|
| 00:33:13 | When you see
a lot of foam in the water,
that's usually
a pretty good indication
that you might have a highly
polluted environment
for the fish
and the macroinvertebrates.
|
| 00:33:21 | louis dumps
13 billion gallons
of combined sewage
and storm water
into the mississippi
and other local waterways,
louis
a foot deep in waste.
|
| 00:33:35 | Rivers like the mississippi
are actually nature's way
of dealing with human
and animal waste.
|
| 00:33:42 | Microbes in the water digest it
in a natural composting process
that puts the sewage
back into the ecosystem.
|
| 00:33:50 | But the mississippi
and other rivers can't handle
the vast quantities of waste
that modern cities discharge.
|
| 00:33:58 | Nationwide, america's sewers
pour over 900 billion gallons
of sewage storm water
into u.s. waterways every year.
|
| 00:34:07 | That's the amount of water
that spills over niagara falls
in 21 days.
|
| 00:34:13 | More than seven hundred cities
have antiquated combined
sewer stormwater systems
that overflow when it rains,
sometimes in as little
as a tenth of an inch.
|
| 00:34:24 | environmental
protection agency has sued
louis
sewer district,
along with a host
of other cities,
because of the problem.
|
| 00:34:34 | 8 billion
eliminating 300 overflows,
mostly by separating sewage
and waste water pipes
in key areas.
|
| 00:34:45 | But 440 remain.
|
| 00:34:48 | >> And what this comes down to
is cost.
|
| 00:34:50 | How quickly do these sewer bills
go up?
|
| 00:34:53 | How quickly do we do this work?
|
| 00:34:55 | And our bills
have already doubled
in a period of about
five to six years.
|
| 00:34:59 | louis
are in a squeeze.
|
| 00:35:02 | The epa demands
billion-dollar action
to fix and replace leaky pipes
and put an end to overflows.
|
| 00:35:09 | But the federal government
stopped helping foot the bill
decades ago.
|
| 00:35:14 | The burden now falls
almost entirely
on local communities.
|
| 00:35:17 | >> That is a dollar
that it's gonna be scarce dollar
because we're not
the only game in town.
|
| 00:35:22 | There's roads
that need to be rebuilt,
there's bridges
that need to be rehabilitated.
|
| 00:35:27 | >> Fortunately, new methods
have emerged for fixing sewers
that will make repairs
less expensive and disruptive.
|
| 00:35:34 | For example,
instead of digging trenches
and tearing up miles of street,
louis uses
a single access point to unfurl
a super tough polyester liner.
|
| 00:35:45 | It will quickly harden
into a pipe within a pipe,
sealing up cracks
from the inside.
|
| 00:35:52 | But a full makeover of america's
wastewater infrastructure
will still be
massively expensive
and take years,
if not decades to complete.
|
| 00:36:01 | Until then,
millions of gallons of sewage,
teeming with bacteria
will continue to flow
into our rivers and streams
and more americans than ever
can expect to have
sewage backups
like melody bordeaux.
|
| 00:36:16 | >> Trying to put into words
the actual foul stench,
the actual things
that I live with in the house
on a day-to-day basis.
|
| 00:36:25 | It's just hard to believe
that I did, but I did.
|
| 00:36:28 | >> Americans may have
to get used
to all sorts of shocking
infrastructure breakdowns,
including some cracks
in the system that could kill.
|
| 00:36:38 | >> The water comes at folks
like a steaming locomotive.
|
| 00:36:42 | Hundreds of thousands of people
could be at risk.
|
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but it wasn't what I wanted to do,
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I probably don't want to do it tomorrow.
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"
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I started sam adams with boston lager
to make rich, flavorful beer.
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| 00:39:16 | meac (hine
>> Dams are hazardous enough
when they're holding back
the explosive power
of billions of gallons of water.
|
| 00:40:44 | But when a potential breach
involves toxic sludge,
the consequences
can be devastating.
|
| 00:40:54 | >> On december 22, 2008,
a coal-ash dam run by
the tennessee valley authority
in kingston, tennessee,
breached, spewing more than
a billion gallons
of hazardous waste
across a 300-acre stretch
of the emory river.
|
| 00:41:10 | Coal ash or fly ash
is the powdery residue
that's left when coal is used up
to make power.
|
| 00:41:16 | It's full of toxins,
including arsenic and titanium
and there are hundreds
of coal-ash dams
throughout the u.s.
|
| 00:41:26 | >> I'm embarrassed
as an engineer for my profession
because we have the tools
to inspect and to maintain
and operate
these kinds of facilities.
|
| 00:41:34 | And so, what we see
in the background
really should not have happened.
|
| 00:41:39 | >> Now my nephew described it
as a tornado.
|
| 00:41:42 | He said he felt
the trailer shaking and then
he heard something that sounded
like the roar of a train.
|
| 00:41:55 | >> Fly ash entered
into the swan creek
drainage area here.
|
| 00:41:59 | It hit with such a force
that it created a huge wave
that impacted several houses
along the far bank.
|
| 00:42:10 | >> This area used to be,
in the summertime,
one of the most beautiful areas
in the county.
|
| 00:42:16 | You had nice docks,
nice boathouses,
the landscape on people's yards
were beautiful.
|
| 00:42:24 | That beautiful land,
and it was beautiful land
is totally gone, destroyed.
|
| 00:42:31 | >> When infrastructure
doesn't do its job,
especially dams,
the results can wipe out
whole communities.
|
| 00:42:40 | >> The water comes at folks
like a steaming locomotive
and if you're trapped in a home,
you'll drown in your home.
|
| 00:42:48 | Hundreds or thousands of people
could be at risk.
|
| 00:42:52 | >> In 1976,
the grand teton dam in idaho
breached after water
from streams and snow
had built up in the reservoir
for eight months.
|
| 00:43:01 | The rising water created a crack
near the top of the dam,
which deepened into a tunnel,
and within hours,
punched a huge hole in the dam.
|
| 00:43:11 | 14 People died
in the resulting flood.
|
| 00:43:14 | The most recent deadly dam
to break in the u.s.
|
| 00:43:17 | Was the ka loko dam
on the island of kauai, hawaii.
|
| 00:43:21 | Seven people died
when a century-old earthen dam
that had not been
properly inspected or maintained
breached after heavy rain
in 2006.
|
| 00:43:34 | >> It was a privately-owned dam,
44-feet tall,
rather small
in comparison to other dams.
|
| 00:43:39 | It was classified
by the state of hawaii
as low hazard.
|
| 00:43:41 | So it didn't really receive
lots of inspections
like it should.
|
| 00:43:46 | >> There are 85,000 dams
in the u.s.
|
| 00:43:49 | 4,000 Of them are unsafe
and 1,800 of those
are high-hazard dams,
dams that are likely
to kill people if they fail.
|
| 00:43:59 | The number of unsafe
high-hazard dams
has quadrupled
since 2001.
|
| 00:44:06 | >> It's going up almost
at a 45-degree angle
on the graph.
|
| 00:44:09 | While the number
of high-hazard dams
that we repair each year
has kind of flat-lined
and as this continues,
this gap is goin' to get
wider and wider
until either we get
a funding source
and we start
reversing this trend
or we have a major collapse
and failure of a dam.
|
| 00:44:25 | >> On average, dams in the u.s.
|
| 00:44:27 | Are now over 51 years old,
which is the design life
of many smaller dams.
|
| 00:44:34 | Inspections are critical
to make sure
that mechanical gates
are functioning properly,
that spillways
aren't jammed with debris
and that filters that allow
drainage inside earthen dams
are not clogged.
|
| 00:44:48 | And yet, states have cut
inspection programs to the bone.
|
| 00:44:52 | In 2007, the last year for which
statistics are available,
texas had just seven inspectors
responsible for 7,400 dams.
|
| 00:45:02 | That's over
1,050 dams per inspector.
|
| 00:45:06 | The state was only able
to look at 239 dams.
|
| 00:45:11 | That same year,
iowa had one full-time
and one part-time inspector
overseeing 3,344 dams.
|
| 00:45:20 | They were only able
to inspect 128 dams.
|
| 00:45:24 | Alabama doesn't even have
an inspection agency
to monitor its 2,000 plus dams.
|
| 00:45:31 | Adding to the danger
are thousands of orphan dams,
those abandoned by corporations
and private owners
with no one left in charge.
|
| 00:45:40 | >> States are struggling
with these orphan dams
because they don't have
funding programs to repair
their own dams, let alone dams
that they inherit.
|
| 00:45:53 | >> Wolf creek dam
in southern kentucky
is over a mile long
and holds back
the largest man-made reservoir
east of the mississippi.
|
| 00:46:02 | >> Wolf creek dam, they say
is big enough to put
most of the other dams
in the eastern u.s. in it.
|
| 00:46:08 | It's like a sword of damocles.
|
| 00:46:10 | It sits above nashville
and all of the communities
downstream.
|
| 00:46:16 | >> Wolf creek could be
the poster child
of problem dams in america.
|
| 00:46:20 | BUILT IN THE 1940s
On porous limestone foundation
known as karst or cathay,
it seeps so badly
that a team of experts
concluded in 2007
that it would probably fail
within five years
without urgent repairs.
|
| 00:46:36 | The army corps
of engineers was so alarmed
that it lowered the level
of the lake behind wolf creek
to reduce pressure on the dam.
|
| 00:46:45 | >> We are not concerned
about imminent failure
of this project,
but the risk is high
because risk as we define it,
is the probability
of the dam failing
times the consequences.
|
| 00:46:58 | We know the consequences,
if we were to lose this project
are tremendous,
the economic damages downstream
and the likely loss of lives.
|
| 00:47:09 | >> The pressure of the water
is literally pushing it
and pushing through
into the soft cathay formation,
which is sort of like
swiss cheese.
|
| 00:47:16 | It's very soft and very unsteady
and it's literally
dissolving its way through.
|
| 00:47:23 | >> Five major dams
in the eastern u.s.
|
| 00:47:25 | Were also built
on porous limestone
IN THE 1930s.
|
| 00:47:29 | At the time,
dam designers didn't understand
the ramifications
of porous foundations.
|
| 00:47:35 | But wolf creek may well be
the most hazardous.
|
| 00:47:39 | If it failed,
6 million acre-feet of water
in lake cumberland would pour
into the cumberland river,
rushing downstream
at 40 feet per second
and flooding towns and cities
for hundreds of miles.
|
| 00:47:52 | 6 Million acre-feet
is enough to cover
the entire state of new jersey
with a foot of water.
|
| 00:47:59 | Scores would be killed
and damage would run
into the billions.
|
| 00:48:06 | >> A catastrophic breach,
which would be approximately
200 feet deep,
roughly 600 feet wide--
in essence what we're doing
in a situation like that
is just pulling the cork
on the lake as such.
|
| 00:48:18 | >> Problems with the foundation
first surfaced in 1968
when giant sinkholes appeared
on the grassy face of the dam.
|
| 00:48:29 | >> They were about
15 feet in diameter
and they were about 40 feet deep
and we had reports
from the folks back then
that they could hear
running water
in the bottom of those.
|
| 00:48:38 | It's a classic indication
that we had water moving
through these openings
in the rock
and washing material out.
|
| 00:48:47 | >> The army corps pumped
millions of gallons of grout
deep into the das foundations
to plug the leaks
that led to the sinkholes,
but the seepage continued.
|
| 00:48:58 | In 1975, the corps drove
a 2,000-foot long barrier
into the earthen half
of the dam to stop the leaks.
|
| 00:49:06 | It worked for a while,
but in 2004,
new wet spots appeared.
|
| 00:49:11 | Water was seeping under
and around the wall.
|
| 00:49:15 | The army corps once again poured
grout into the limestone
and started prepping wolf creek
for a new wall.
|
| 00:49:23 | >> We're going to go much deeper
than the first wall,
and then we're gonna
carry this wall all the way
out to the end of the dam.
|
| 00:49:29 | >> The army corps is confident
that the dam will be safe
until work on the wall
is finished in 2012.
|
| 00:49:36 | But for communities downstream
from the big dam, wolf creek
casts a disturbing shadow.
|
| 00:49:43 | >> It's like living
next to a six-lane highway
with small children.
|
| 00:49:47 | You know, you just--
there's always that thought
in the back of your mind
that, what if?
|
| 00:49:54 | >> According to experts,
that "what if" would
look like this.
|
| 00:50:00 | A heavy rain front
pounds the area for days,
raising the water level
of lake cumberland
and soaking the earthen section
of wolf creek.
|
| 00:50:15 | >> A sinkhole
or multiple sinkholes form
on the grassy face of the dam.
|
| 00:50:21 | They work their way upwards
to the top of wolf creek
and the crest of the dam,
including the roadway
begin to give way.
|
| 00:50:32 | >> Lake cumberland pours
through the breach
and erodes the dam
from side to side,
ultimately creating
a 600-foot wide
and 200-foot deep gap.
|
| 00:50:45 | Trucks, trees, power lines
and other debris
are swept into the flood
and form a battering ram
that takes out everything
in its path.
|
| 00:50:57 | But farmland and suburbs alone
aren't threatened.
|
| 00:51:00 | In two and a half days,
the flood waters
travel 280 river miles
and hit nashville.
|
| 00:51:26 | The heart of music city, u.s.a.
|
| 00:51:28 | Is 20 feet under water.
|
| 00:51:34 | Titan stadium
turns into sea world.
|
| 00:51:41 | And thousands of people
living close
to cumberland river,
including mac pritchard,
are wiped out.
|
| 00:51:49 | >> Rules of nature are something
you can't ignore.
|
| 00:51:53 | We've pushed
mother nature around,
but she comes back
with pitch forks.
|
| 00:51:57 | And so
the banquet of consequences
on our infrastructure, dams,
bridges, roads, the whole load,
it's going to come due
and it's going to be expensive.
|
| 00:52:07 | >> The most expensive bill
of all could hit california,
which depends on these levees
to protect
its drinking water supply.
|
| 00:52:17 | >> You're talking
about cutting off a portion
of the water supply
to 25 million people.
|
| 00:52:22 | This is a major trauma.
|
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feel like our biggest enemies.
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| 00:55:44 | Hey, it's great to see you're back after
that accident.
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| 00:55:46 | ..i couldn't have gotten by without
aflac!
|
| 00:55:49 | Is that different from health insurance?
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| 00:55:50 | ..
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| 00:55:52 | ...Aflac pays you cash to help with the bills
that health insurance doesn't cover.
|
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who's going to help pay for gas?
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..
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| 00:56:07 | .. aflac, aflac, aflac
>> the single biggest
infrastructure disaster
right now
may well be here.
|
| 00:56:29 | Just east of san francisco bay,
the california delta,
one thousand square miles
of rich farmland is protected
by hundreds of miles
of simple dirt levees.
|
| 00:56:43 | Unlike the levees
in sacramento,
these 25-foot barriers
are safeguarding
more than homes and people.
|
| 00:56:50 | If and when
a well-placed earthquake
wipes the levees out,
the agricultural islands
they protect will quickly flood.
|
| 00:56:59 | That could trigger
a chain of events
that would pull saltwater
from the bay area into the delta
and contaminate
the drinking water supply
for half of california.
|
| 00:57:11 | >> You're talking
about cutting off
a portion of the water supply
to 25 million people.
|
| 00:57:16 | And if you're talking
about cutting it off
for two to three years,
this is a major trauma.
|
| 00:57:23 | >> The problem once again
is shaky infrastructure.
|
| 00:57:28 | The california delta
is formed by the sacramento
and san joaquin rivers
and their many tributaries.
|
| 00:57:35 | As they flow outwards
to the san francisco bay,
the rivers and streams
have created a labyrinth
of 50 plus land tracts
or islands, all of which
are protected by levees,
which rise as high as 25 feet.
|
| 00:57:49 | >> But these levees,
like those protecting sacramento
were improvised 150 years ago
by farmers who wanted
to hold back the rivers
and turn marshy islands
into fertile farmland.
|
| 00:58:03 | The farmers built the levees
on poor foundations,
mostly porous sand
and lightweight peat,
which deforms easily
under pressure.
|
| 00:58:12 | The foundations are so porous
and leak so badly
that most of the delta islands
would fill up with water
in three months if they weren't
continually pumped out.
|
| 00:58:22 | Making matters worse,
the delta islands
have sunk over time and are now
below the water line,
in some places, by as much
as 25 feet.
|
| 00:58:32 | That means the levees
are working 24/7,
holding back water
and have to be very strong,
but they're not.
|
| 00:58:40 | >> They're sitting
on bad foundations
and they're poorly constructed
and they're working 365 days
out of the year.
|
| 00:58:47 | So we shouldn't be surprised
when they fail.
|
| 00:58:50 | >> It is a fragile system
because peat soil
is highly organic
and highly organic material
as a foundation for the levee,
it just doesn't work.
|
| 00:59:01 | >> Delta farmers,
like steve mello,
are well aware of the importance
and fragility of these levees
and they are largely responsible
for inspecting the levees
and identifying weak spots.
|
| 00:59:14 | >> Whenever you live
behind a levee,
you shall be forever diligent.
|
| 00:59:17 | You check the levee every day.
|
| 00:59:18 | But as the water gets higher
and things get a little hairier,
you check it way more often.
|
| 00:59:24 | >> You're looking for seepage
coming through your levee.
|
| 00:59:26 | You're looking for boils.
|
| 00:59:27 | You're looking for
any sloughing and possible
burrowing rodent hole.
|
| 00:59:34 | >> How could the failure
of the delta levee set off
a chain of disasters
that could result
in a drinking water catastrophe
for the state?
|
| 00:59:42 | Because the delta,
with its freshwater tributaries
and streams,
provides half of the water
californians drink,
from san francisco
to los angeles.
|
| 00:59:54 | That water flows here
into a massive reservoir,
80 miles southeast
of san francisco
called the clifton forebay.
|
| 01:00:03 | This lake holds
the drinking water that supplies
the southern half of the state.
|
| 01:00:09 | >> This is the beginning
of the state water project.
|
| 01:00:13 | 23 Million people in california
get part of their drinking water
and irrigation water
through this system.
|
| 01:00:20 | So if it wasn't
for the state water project,
california would be
pretty much dry down south.
|
| 01:00:26 | >> The water is pumped
from the reservoir
into a 440-mile long
series of aqueducts
that distributes it through
california's central valley
and beyond.
|
| 01:00:37 | But the whole system,
from levees to aqueduct
is vulnerable to something
that occurs a lot
in california-- earthquakes.
|
| 01:00:46 | A quake that knocks out
the delta levees
would pull salt water
from san francisco bay
to the gates of clifton forebay,
and california's water supply.
|
| 01:00:57 | ..
|
| 01:01:01 | 7 quake with an epicenter
close to the delta
hits the bay area.
|
| 01:01:09 | The foundations of the levees
instantly turn to mush,
creating giant sinkholes,
and collapsing the levees
from the top.
|
| 01:01:17 | Water pours
into the sunken islands
with tremendous force and speed.
|
| 01:01:22 | After a few days,
the delta is transformed
into a turbulent, marshy sea.
|
| 01:01:29 | The flooding of the islands
is so violent
it pulls 300 billion gallons
of salt water inland
from the bay.
|
| 01:01:38 | All the way to clifton forebay,
which will have
to close its gates
to keep saltwater
out of the aqueduct.
|
| 01:01:46 | >> We would pretty much
be shut down.
|
| 01:01:49 | We would have to survive
off the water that we did have
in our storage and our canals
and aqueduct systems
that would have to maintain us
for a long period of time.
|
| 01:02:00 | >> California would have
to ration the water
in the forebay,
but reserves would run out
in six to 12 months
and it would take
two to three years for the delta
to return to normal.
|
| 01:02:11 | >> We have not shaken this delta
in a hundred years.
|
| 01:02:14 | All the geotechnical work
that has been done
shows that these levees
will fail massively
when you have
a large earthquake.
|
| 01:02:21 | So the future doesn't look
real bright for these levees.
|
| 01:02:24 | >> Incredibly, experts say
there is a 66% chance
7 earthquake
or a monster flood
will take down the delta levees
in the next 30 years.
|
| 01:02:35 | The quake that hit the bay area
in 1989 just missed.
|
| 01:02:40 | 9 jolt was centered about
120 miles south of the delta.
|
| 01:02:47 | Once again, california
and america are facing
an infrastructure nightmare
that's become too expensive
to prevent.
|
| 01:02:55 | Authorities estimate,
it will take between
$25 and $40 million
per square mile
to quake-proof the delta levees,
money that california
does not have.
|
| 01:03:07 | The state is shoring up
the levees in small ways,
re-sloping, adding rock.
|
| 01:03:12 | But those are band-aids.
|
| 01:03:14 | California has no plan
for dealing
with this lethal threat.
|
| 01:03:21 | >> I call this
the clint eastwood approach.
|
| 01:03:23 | Do you feel lucky?
|
| 01:03:25 | Because right now,
that's what we're doing.
|
| 01:03:26 | Hope is the primary strategy.
|
| 01:03:28 | >> We have been lucky
and let's hope that, you know,
we'll continue to be lucky.
|
| 01:03:34 | But we all know that
at one point of time, you know,
your luck will run out
and you'll have to face
the consequences.
|
| 01:03:42 | >> The same thing could be said
about another vital part
of america's infrastructure.
|
| 01:03:47 | For more and more people,
america's power grid
is also teetering on the brink.
|
| 01:03:54 | >> We're living in what we think
is a nice suburb
and we can't even count
on the power working.
|
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h, you wanted
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>> on august 14, 2003,
millions of people
in the northeastern
united states got a glimpse
of what life would be like
if the infrastructure
that powers america failed.
|
| 01:07:53 | >> You can see the gridlock
on all the downtown streets--
>> there's limited
communications here
in the tri-state area.
|
| 01:07:59 | >> In 12 seconds,
the short circuit
of a single power line
in ohio cascaded into a blackout
that pulled the plug
on 55 million people
for up to two days.
|
| 01:08:10 | >> If new york city is not
completely paralyzed tonight,
the going
couldn't be much slower.
|
| 01:08:14 | >> Just like that,
nearly everything that makes
modern life possible--
>> all right,
we're out of coffee right now.
|
| 01:08:20 | >> --Including other pieces
of infrastructure, shut down.
|
| 01:08:25 | >> When the electricity
goes out,
the traffic lights
in the city stop.
|
| 01:08:30 | The pumping of water stops.
|
| 01:08:32 | The pumping or treatment
of sewage stops.
|
| 01:08:36 | >> Without the grid,
YOU'RE BACK TO THE 1890s.
|
| 01:08:39 | The longer that blackout lasts,
the farther back in history
you're shoved.
|
| 01:08:45 | >> How could such a big part
of the country
power down so fast.
|
| 01:08:50 | August 14th was a sweltering day
for much of the northeast
and demand for electricity
was high.
|
| 01:08:56 | Power lines droop
when they max out
and a line in rural ohio
sagged into a tree
that a local utility
had failed to trim.
|
| 01:09:06 | The line shorted and shut down,
throwing its load
onto other lines,
which also shorted, triggering
a cascade of outages that put
a large portion of six states
and ontario, canada in the dark.
|
| 01:09:20 | Normally, grid operators
can send blocked electricity
on alternate routes,
but a software bug
prevented them from respondingickly enough
to stop the cascade.
|
| 01:09:32 | The blackout of 2003
was another moment of truth
about infrastructure
in america.
|
| 01:09:39 | Like our levees, bridges
and waterlines,
the grid is aging
and overwhelmed.
|
| 01:09:46 | >> And we have primitive
switching systems.
|
| 01:09:48 | We have transmission lines
that are overloaded.
|
| 01:09:50 | So a little thing goes wrong
and it's very, very difficult
to respond.
|
| 01:09:55 | >> Power company executives
are literally
holding their breath,
crossing their fingers,
hoping that things
will hold together
when something as foreseeable
as it gets hot
in the summertime happens.
|
| 01:10:06 | Now this is as if we are like
in a battle zone,
like in baghdad where,
instead of having adversaries
blow up parts of the grid,
we're essentially allowing it
to fall apart.
|
| 01:10:17 | >> The power grid
is one of america's greatest
infrastructure achievements.
|
| 01:10:21 | Since the beginning
of the 20th century,
created
10,000 power plant
put up a 160,000 miles
worth of high voltage
power lines,
and studded the country
with control stations
and transformers.
|
| 01:10:35 | >> It's the most expensive
business investment of all time.
|
| 01:10:40 | And when the national academy
of engineering did a study
of what the greatest inventions,
technological inventions
of the 20th century were,
the creation
of the electrical grid
ranked number one.
|
| 01:10:53 | >> The problem is,
the grid is mired
in dated technology.
|
| 01:10:57 | Sensors and warning systems
haven't yet caught up
with the digital age
and huge parts of the system
are literally getting old.
|
| 01:11:06 | Transformers, power lines
and utility poles
that should be replaced
every 30 years
are working decades overtime.
|
| 01:11:16 | Basic as they are, utility poles
are critical to the grid.
|
| 01:11:21 | Most of the
one-hundred-sixty-million
utility poles
are made
of southern yellow pine,
which is known
for its straightness and length.
|
| 01:11:30 | The poles are coated
with a preservative
to ward off insects,
fungi and rot.
|
| 01:11:36 | Cold climate poles like these
in suburban chicago
have to work extra hard
in order to handle wind
and weight loads
from ice and snow that can cause
a pole to lean
to one side over time.
|
| 01:11:49 | As poles tilt, power lines sag
and as the blackout
of 2003 demonstrated,
a line that brushes
against the tree can short out
and trigger a cascade
of outages.
|
| 01:12:03 | Major outages
of 100 megawatts or more,
enough to power 75,000 homes,
have more than doubled
in the u.s.
|
| 01:12:11 | SINCE THE EARLY 1990s.
|
| 01:12:13 | The average american experiences
214 minutes of blackout time
each year
compared to 70 in britain
and six in japan.
|
| 01:12:24 | Those numbers
are likely to get worse.
|
| 01:12:26 | Demand for power has spiked 15%
in the last decade.
|
| 01:12:31 | But construction of new lines
has lagged behind.
|
| 01:12:34 | >> If the demand for electricity
goes up 20%
over the next 10 years
as we expect,
but the super highway
carrying the electricity
only goes up 6 or 7% percent,
then you're going to have
a problem.
|
| 01:12:49 | >> In addition
to regional blackouts,
a stressed-out power grid
can create local nightmares.
|
| 01:12:57 | Consider deerfield, illinois,
an affluent suburb of chicago
with a population of 18,000.
|
| 01:13:06 | Since 2000, deerfield has had
nearly 1,400 black-outs,
an average of 200 a year.
|
| 01:13:14 | Many have lasted a few hours,
some a few days.
|
| 01:13:19 | >> It's not raining,
it's not lightning, no issues,
no wind and all of a sudden
the power will go out,
and all you see
are people walking their dogs
with flashlights and candles
in the windows.
|
| 01:13:31 | You think, what, you know,
what's wrong with this picture?
|
| 01:13:36 | >> I felt like we were,
you know, being thrust back
INTO THE 1920s
Or something like that
when you couldn't take
your electricity for granted.
|
| 01:13:44 | And when we would
tell other people this,
nobody could believe
anywhere in the country
that this was happening here
and that we couldn't do
anything about it.
|
| 01:13:54 | >> Just 13%
of deerfield's outages
were related to weather.
|
| 01:13:59 | Annual performance reports
from com-ed,
the utility servicing deerfield
reveal a catalogue
of infrastructure breakdowns,
including underground failure,
malfunction, loose connection,
deterioration
and transformer failure.
|
| 01:14:17 | Deerfield officials say,
blackouts have decreased
this year,
but are still frequent
and hugely disruptive.
|
| 01:14:25 | >> This is not a com-ed issue.
|
| 01:14:26 | This is not a chicago
or illinois issue.
|
| 01:14:28 | This is a national issue.
|
| 01:14:29 | Our infrastructure is aging.
|
| 01:14:31 | We really haven't done enough
to invest in it, to improve it.
|
| 01:14:35 | >> Improving the grid
starts with better maintenance,
replacing aging lines
and adding new ones
to meet rising demand.
|
| 01:14:43 | With things now approaching
a tipping point,
the industry needs to spend
5 trillion by 2030
to repair and expand the grid.
|
| 01:14:53 | Much of that money should go
towards creating
a self-adjusting smart grid
that can detect blackouts
before they happen.
|
| 01:15:00 | >> Right now,
if there is a blackout,
the power companies
doesn't know until--
till they start
getting phone calls
that the power went out and yet
they are sending
this electricity through wires.
|
| 01:15:08 | They ought to be able to monitor
how it's doing.
|
| 01:15:12 | >> If we monitor electricity
minute-by-minute
or second-by-second,
that's not good enough.
|
| 01:15:17 | We have to monitor it
by the hundredth
or thousandth of a second
and we need
more and more transformers,
transmission lines
that can almost act on their own
as if they were
living things themselves.
|
| 01:15:31 | >> More efficient,
smart appliances will also play
a big role in shoring up
the reliability
of american powe
>> imagine if your refrigerator
talked to the power company.
|
| 01:15:41 | It's a hot afternoon.
|
| 01:15:42 | Everyone's got
their air-conditioner on.
|
| 01:15:43 | They are about to have
a blackout.
|
| 01:15:45 | They send a little message
to your refrigerator that says,
"please shut off your compressor
"for the next
"couple of minutes because
"
most of us would happily
let our house turn off
a few unnecessary appliances
when power demand is high,
but we don't remember
to go around
and do it ourselves.
|
| 01:16:00 | >> Electric cars
will also provide a boost.
|
| 01:16:03 | Vehicle-to-grid technology
is a two-way street
that will allow cars
to charge their batteries
by plugging into the grid.
|
| 01:16:11 | Cars with
fully charged batteries
meanwhile, can plug in and send
electricity back to the grid
in times of peak demand.
|
| 01:16:19 | Solar panels, wind turbines
and other micro generators
in homes and buildings will also
be able to help the grid out.
|
| 01:16:27 | >> Then you not only have
the ability to reduce demand
in crisis points,
but you also have
these other sources
feeding power back
into the grid.
|
| 01:16:36 | >> The future of the grid
should be bright.
|
| 01:16:38 | Even if our dependency on power
continues to soar.
|
| 01:16:42 | But only if we give the grid
the makeover it needs.
|
| 01:16:47 | >> If we don't address
our grid needs,
we're going to have more
and larger power blackouts,
or if not blackouts,
we're going to have brownouts,
which mean that
you may not have
power on wednesdays.
|
| 01:17:00 | This is the way it is
in the third world.
|
| 01:17:04 | The electric grid
is really the lifeblood
of the nation's economy
and we need to invest in it
and improve it as soon
as we possibly can
because without power,
we would be in
for a world of hurt.
|
| 01:17:16 | >> If global warming
and climate change produce
the kind of extreme weather
that most experts predict,
the power grid
and much of the rest
of america's infrastructure
will be put
under unprecedented stress.
|
| 01:17:29 | >> A 100-year-event in 2000
would look like a 10-year-event
in 2050.
|
| 01:17:35 | The reality is,
we're essentially living
I'm just a skeptic
so I don't necessarily believe
that anything is going to work
but I was like, hey,
this actually works.
|
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| 01:18:27 | wer your
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| 01:18:35 | Ask your doctor
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cholesterol numbers.
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| 01:18:50 | TRILIPIX has not been
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than a statin alone.
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| 01:18:54 | TRILIPIX is not for
everyone, including people
with liver, gallbladder,
or severe kidney disease,
or nursing women.
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| 01:19:00 | Tell your doctor about all
the medicines you take and
if you are pregnant or
may become pregnant.
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| 01:19:04 | Blood tests are needed
before and during
treatment to check
for liver problems.
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| 01:19:07 | Contact your doctor if you
develop unexplained muscle
pain or weakness, as this
can be a sign of a rare
but serious side effect.
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| 01:19:13 | This risk may be increased when
TRILIPIX is used with a statin.
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| 01:19:16 | If you cannot afford
your medication, call
1-866-4-TRILIPIX for
more information.
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| 01:19:22 | Trilipix.
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| 01:19:23 | There's more to
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| 01:19:25 | Get the picture.
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| 01:19:27 | o'ooooóo/ooo'ooooo/o
>> According to
the american society
of civil engineers,
it will take
2 trillion dollars
over the next five years
to raise
america's infrastructure
grade point average
"
if the united states
doesn't put up the money,
the problems are only going
to get worse
and much more expensive.
|
| 01:21:57 | And that's without
taking into account
two words that scare
infrastructure planners
the most-- global warming.
|
| 01:22:12 | >> Unpredictability of
the weather is going to push
our infrastructure
over the edge.
|
| 01:22:17 | What's coming in the future
is going to be like
what's hit the stock market.
|
| 01:22:21 | It's going to be a lot worse.
|
| 01:22:23 | >> You could think
of the global warming problem
really as a threat multiplier.
|
| 01:22:27 | The situation admittedly,
is bad enough
without climate change.
|
| 01:22:32 | >> Climate change means
that what today is
a 1 in a 100 year storm,
like katrina, could become
a 1 in a 50 years storm
or once in a decade storm.
|
| 01:22:43 | All of our existing levees,
dams, bridges, sewers
and other infrastructure
on coastlines and areas
hit hardest by climate change
will have to be fortified
to handle
the predicted frequency
and severity of extreme weather.
|
| 01:22:59 | And whatever new infrastructure
we build,
will have to be much tougher
than before, with designs
that take into account
extreme heat, cold, rain
and rising coastal waters.
|
| 01:23:10 | Very soon, we will have systems
that are totally inadequate
of dealing with the threats
that come
from rising sea levels,
higher temperatures,
more severe downpours,
more frequent
and severe droughts.
|
| 01:23:25 | >> Predicted climate change
will lead
to some dismal scenarios.
|
| 01:23:30 | More rain and snow
will batter coastal roads
and bridges.
|
| 01:23:34 | Higher ocean levels
will push salt water
into drinking water systems.
|
| 01:23:38 | Extreme rain will dump
massive amounts of storm water
into sewers, that today
can barely handle a drizzle
without overflows.
|
| 01:23:47 | Poorly maintained
and rarely inspected dams
and levees will give way
like they did during katrina.
|
| 01:23:54 | Extreme heat, meanwhile,
will tax the power grid
as never before, spiking demand
and literally melting
control boxes and power lines.
|
| 01:24:04 | Extreme cold will trigger
major blackouts.
|
| 01:24:08 | >> And there come
the obvious breakdowns,
from branches that fall
on the power lines,
towers that get toppled over
and the like and so, you have
these severe weather impacts
on the infrastructure itself
that obviously are
a serious concern already.
|
| 01:24:26 | >> To deal with climate change,
will have
to create new kinds
of infrastructure
like seawalls that protect
critical coastal areas.
|
| 01:24:36 | They also predict that america
will probably have to stop
developing aggressively
along coastlines.
|
| 01:24:44 | And it's not too far-fetched
to imagine a future in which
some waterfront cities and towns
will have to be abandoned.
|
| 01:24:52 | >> It's already a reality
that infrastructure and the way
in which we rely on the coast,
is changing.
|
| 01:25:00 | The environment
in 30, 40, 50 years will be such
that many of these stretches
will have to be set aside
as natural barriers
to protect further inland areas.
|
| 01:25:22 | >> America's infrastructure
meltdown may seem overwhelming,
but new smart technologies
could help us begin
to find our way out.
|
| 01:25:31 | Less than a year
after the i-35 bridge collapsed
in minneapolis,
a 234 million dollar new bridge
took its place.
|
| 01:25:40 | >> They brought in sensors
that can measure deterioration
and keep track
on how the bridge is doing.
|
| 01:25:45 | They have got rebar
that is resistant to corrosion.
|
| 01:25:48 | They put in led lighting,
which is incredibly
energy efficient.
|
| 01:25:50 | So it's actually a model
for how bridges should be
constructed in the future.
|
| 01:25:56 | >> High performance concrete
and other hybrid materials give
the new i-35 bridge, renamed
saint anthony falls bridge,
a design life
of one hundred years,
50% longer
than conventional bridges.
|
| 01:26:11 | >> Every 50 years,
you just can't afford to replace
all of the roads and bridges.
|
| 01:26:14 | We have to make them longer
and we have to make
better use of our money
to get more value
out of our infrastructure.
|
| 01:26:21 | >> One futuristic feature
of saint anthony's can be found
in the wavy sculptures
at either end of the bridge.
|
| 01:26:28 | They are made of a special mix
of concrete
that includes titanium dioxide,
a substance that triggers
a chemical process in sunlight
that absorbs pollution
in the air around it.
|
| 01:26:39 | These self-cleaning monuments
will stand spotlessly
for decades to come.
|
| 01:26:47 | Beneath the concrete skin
of the main span,
saint anthony's has
more than 400 sensors.
|
| 01:26:54 | Some belong
to an anti-icing system
that sprays chemicals
on the roadway
to keep it from freezing
and eliminate the need
for corrosive salt.
|
| 01:27:03 | Accelerometers measure
and monitor the vibrations
of the bridge to make sure
it's responding properly
to traffic-- another system
keeps track of corrosion creep.
|
| 01:27:15 | >> By doing this kind of stuff,
we can build bridges that will
tell us when they have a problem
and then that way,
we can really spend our money
on fixing
the most severe problems first,
instead of trying to fix
everything at the same time.
|
| 01:27:27 | >> Beyond bridges,
sensor technology
could revolutionize the way
we monitor everything
from pipes and roads to dams
and levees.
|
| 01:27:36 | Gps units like those
deployed in volcanoes
are already finding their way
into earthen structures
to measure sag, bulge
and other signs of trouble.
|
| 01:27:47 | New chemical compounds
meanwhile, are being developed
that can be added
to concrete and that disrupt
the chemical process
that corrodes rebar.
|
| 01:27:56 | Going green is another approach
to the crisis,
especially for cities
with wastewater overflows.
|
| 01:28:03 | louis and other big cities
are putting green spaces back
into the urban landscape,
gardens on rooftops
that can absorb rain
and ease the burden
in combined sewage storm water
systems that mix rain and waste.
|
| 01:28:17 | And permeable asphalt
on parking lots and even roads
that let rain sink
into the watershed.
|
| 01:28:25 | But experts say it'll take
more than a few
innovative solutions to turn
the tide on america's
infrastructure emergency.
|
| 01:28:34 | Above all, it will take
massive infusions of money
and the will to spend it
on maintenance, replacement
and new technologies.
|
| 01:28:45 | If that doesn't happen fast,
then america's era
of infrastructure decline,
complete with chronic breakdowns
and escalating dangers
may have just begun.
|
| 01:28:57 | >> If you start taking away
one brick from the foundation
and the infrastructure puzzle,
the other pieces
start to fall out as well.
|
| 01:29:03 | Hey, you don't want to say
we're living on the edge
but, you know, at some places,
we will certainly
getting to that point.
|
| 01:29:07 | >> The biggest problem
in this country
is we ignored the system
for so long.
|
| 01:29:12 | No elected official wants
to spend one million dollars
to fix a crack
in a sewer pipe,
which is buried
under the ground.
|
| 01:29:21 | The time is now to act.
|
| 01:29:24 | >> Let's give this country
a makeover down to its bones.
|
| 01:29:27 | And with it, we'll improve
our quality of life,
we'll improve our public safety
and we'll be
more economically competitive.
|
| 01:29:35 | I can't think of anything
that's more important
to the country right now
in both the short run
and the long run.
|
| 01:29:41 | Captioning performed by
aegis rapidtext
|
